Copyright Terms

The author must guarantee that this article is original, that the article does not infringe on the intellectual property rights of others, that the article has not also been submitted elsewhere, and that the article does not violate copyright law. If the author violates these conditions and causes harm to others, the author shall handle the matter independently and bear all legal responsibilities. The use of all text and images in this article that are not original works by the author or adapted from other people’s works must be legally authorized by the copyright holder. The author agrees that readers of this journal may use this article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license.

Licensing Terms

The author agrees that, upon approval by the editorial board of Research of Educational Communications and Technology, the copyright of this article will be transferred to the publishing units, the editorial board of Research of Educational Communications and Technology of the Taiwan Association for Educational Communications and Technology, for the following uses:

1. The assignee may publish the work in print or digital form, either by itself or by subauthorizing a third party.
2. After digitization, reproduction, editing, and other value-added processes, the data are transmitted electronically via the Internet to enable public access, allowing users to search, browse, download, transmit, and print in accordance with the purposes of the National Library and other databases.
3. Within the scope of the aforementioned sublicense, the assignee may make format changes and add, delete, or revise sentences as appropriate to meet the system requirements of each database.

Open Access Policy

This journal adheres to the Budapest Open Access Initiative and is an open access academic journal. Articles in this journal are freely available on the public internet; any user can read, download, copy, distribute, print, search for, and link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose without financial, legal, or technical barriers.
This journal adopts the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. Authors who publish articles in this journal must authorize the journal to publish the full text of the article online; digitize, copy, and perform other value-added processing before including it in the database; and allow users to search for, browse, download, transmit, and print the article electronically via a computer, the Internet, a wireless network, and other public transmission methods.